Abstract The aim of this work was to determine the total phenolic content and evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial, photoprotective and cytotoxic properties of corn silk ethanol extract prepared from corn silk that was air-dried at room temperature. Corn silk ethanol extract has a high content of phenolic compounds. The concentrations of ethanol extract required to produce 50% of maximal effect (EC50) in DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays were 489.0 and 166.1 µg/mL respectively, indicating low activity when compared to the positive control. The ethanolic extract of corn silk showed antibacterial activity, mainly on Gram-positive bacteria. The in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) of the ethanolic extract of corn silk incorporated into sunscreen UVA-UVB 5% gel with Pemulen TR-1® was evaluated for the first time. A relative increase in SPF efficacy was observed for the extract when the sunscreen was incorporated. The ethanolic extract of corn silk and the gel were considered non-cytotoxic. The corn silk ethanolic extract was characterized using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). Eleven compounds including flavonoids, coumaric acid derivatives, terpenoid, hydroxycinnamic acid derivative and quinic acid derivative were suggested based on their accurate mass and MS/MS spectra.

Antimicrobial and antitumor activities of resveratrol, a compound found mainly in grapes, have already been demonstrated. However, its low bioavailability is a limiting factor for therapeutic application. Polymeric micelles can be an approach to solve this problem since they can encapsulate hydrophobic substances. We developed and characterized micellar formulations containing resveratrol and evaluated their cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects. The formulations were prepared by the cold dispersion method with different concentrations of F127 (5 or 10% w/w) and resveratrol (500 or 5000 µM). The formulations were characterized according to size, polydispersity index, pH, encapsulation rate and in vitro release. Cytotoxic effect was evaluated on a bladder cancer cell line and antimicrobial effect was evaluated on E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans. One of the formulations (10% w/w of F127 and 5000 µM of resveratrol) was a monodispersed solution with high encapsulation rate, thus it was chosen for the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial assays. MS- 10+RES-3 was able to preserve the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of resveratrol. This is the first study that evaluated antimicrobial potential and cytotoxicity of micelles containing resveratrol on bladder cancer cells and the results showed that micellar nanostructures could ensure the maintenance of the biological activity of resveratrol.

Due to the increase of bacterial resistance, the search for new antibiotics is necessary and the medicinal plants represent its most important source. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial property of extract and fractions from Protium spruceanum leaves, against pathogenic bacteria. By means of diffusion and microdilution assays, the crude extract was active against the nine bacteria tested being the hydromethanolic fraction the most active. During phytochemical procedures, procyanidin (1) and catechin (2) were identified as the main antibacterial constituents of this fraction. In silico results obtained using PASSonline tool indicated 1 and 2 as having good potential to interact with different targets of currently used antibiotics. These results no indicated potential to none DNA effect and indicated the cell wall as mainly target. Electrophoresis result supported that had no DNA damage. Cell wall damage was confirmed by propidium iodide test that showed increased membrane permeability and by cell surface deformations observed in scanning electronic microscopy. The in vitro assays together with the in silico prediction results establish the potential of P. spruceanum as source of antibacterial compounds that acts on important bacterial targets. These results contribute to the development of natural substances against pathogenic bacteria and to discovery of new antibiotics.

ABSTRACT Objective To identify pharmacotherapeutic problems related to noncompliance in chronic drug therapy in a Basic Health Unit in the city of Congonhas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. In addition, propose interventions that minimize incorrect practices and increase adherence to treatment. Methodology Quantitative field research performed through data collection in medical records and direct interview with 100 elderly individuals between 60 and 70 years. Results Elderly patients presented greater difficulties when taking their medication, identifying a low treatment adherence when compared to previous studies. Intervention measures with a multiprofessional approach were proposed to increase patients' adherence to treatment, in a simple and efficient manner, such as review of pharmaceutical forms, packaging and labels and elaboration of spreadsheets according to the limitations of the elderly. Conclusion Pharmaceutical care is an important and essential activity to guarantee the safety and better adherence of the patient in the administration of medicines, to avoid possible damages and errors due to lack of orientation.

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar problemas farmacoterapêuticos relacionados à não adesão em terapia crônica medicamentosa, em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do município de Congonhas, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Além disso, propor intervenções que minimizem as práticas incorretas e aumentem a adesão ao tratamento. Metodologia Pesquisa de campo quantitativa realizada por meio de coleta de dados nos prontuários médicos e entrevista direta com 100 idosos entre 60 e 70 anos. Resultados Detectou-se maiores dificuldades apresentadas pelos idosos ao tomarem seus medicamentos, identificando uma baixa adesão ao tratamento quando comparado com estudos anteriores. Medidas interventivas com atuação multiprofissional foram propostas a fim de aumentar a adesão do paciente ao tratamento, de maneira simples e eficaz, como revisão das formas farmacêuticas, embalagens e rótulos e elaboração de planilhas de acordo com limitações dos idosos. Conclusão A atenção farmacêutica é uma atividade importante e essencial para garantia da segurança e melhor adesão do paciente na administração dos medicamentos, visando evitar os possíveis danos e erros decorrentes da falta de orientação.

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar problemas farmacoterapéuticos relacionados con la no adhesión a la terapia medicamentosa crónica en una Unidad Básica de Salud del municipio de Congonhas, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Además, proponer intervenciones que minimicen las prácticas incorrectas y aumenten la adhesión al tratamiento. Metodología Investigación de campo cuantitativa realizada por medio de recolección de datos de los prontuarios médicos y entrevista directa con 100 ancianos de 60 a 70 años. Resultados Se detectaron mayores dificultades presentadas por los ancianos al tomar sus medicamentos, con una baja adhesión al tratamiento, en comparación con estudios anteriores. Las medidas de intervención con actuación multiprofesional fueron propuestas para aumentar la adhesión del paciente al tratamiento, de manera simple y eficaz, como revisión de las formas farmacéuticas, embalajes y etiquetas y elaboración de planillas de acuerdo con las limitaciones de los ancianos. Conclusión La atención farmacéutica es una actividad importante y esencial para garantizar la seguridad y mejor adhesión del paciente en la administración de los medicamentos, con el fin de evitar los posibles daños y errores derivados de la falta de orientación.

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar problemas farmacoterapêuticos relacionados à não adesão em terapia crônica medicamentosa, em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do município de Congonhas, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Além disso, propor intervenções que minimizem as práticas incorretas e aumentem a adesão ao tratamento. Metodologia Pesquisa de campo quantitativa realizada por meio de coleta de dados nos prontuários médicos e entrevista direta com 100 idosos entre 60 e 70 anos. Resultados Detectou-se maiores dificuldades apresentadas pelos idosos ao tomarem seus medicamentos, identificando uma baixa adesão ao tratamento quando comparado com estudos anteriores. Medidas interventivas com atuação multiprofissional foram propostas a fim de aumentar a adesão do paciente ao tratamento, de maneira simples e eficaz, como revisão das formas farmacêuticas, embalagens e rótulos e elaboração de planilhas de acordo com limitações dos idosos. Conclusão A atenção farmacêutica é uma atividade importante e essencial para garantia da segurança e melhor adesão do paciente na administração dos medicamentos, visando evitar os possíveis danos e erros decorrentes da falta de orientação.

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar problemas farmacoterapéuticos relacionados con la no adhesión a la terapia medicamentosa crónica en una Unidad Básica de Salud del municipio de Congonhas, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Además, proponer intervenciones que minimicen las prácticas incorrectas y aumenten la adhesión al tratamiento. Metodología Investigación de campo cuantitativa realizada por medio de recolección de datos de los prontuarios médicos y entrevista directa con 100 ancianos de 60 a 70 años. Resultados Se detectaron mayores dificultades presentadas por los ancianos al tomar sus medicamentos, con una baja adhesión al tratamiento, en comparación con estudios anteriores. Las medidas de intervención con actuación multiprofesional fueron propuestas para aumentar la adhesión del paciente al tratamiento, de manera simple y eficaz, como revisión de las formas farmacéuticas, embalajes y etiquetas y elaboración de planillas de acuerdo con las limitaciones de los ancianos. Conclusión La atención farmacéutica es una actividad importante y esencial para garantizar la seguridad y mejor adhesión del paciente en la administración de los medicamentos, con el fin de evitar los posibles daños y errores derivados de la falta de orientación.

ABSTRACT Objective To identify pharmacotherapeutic problems related to noncompliance in chronic drug therapy in a Basic Health Unit in the city of Congonhas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. In addition, propose interventions that minimize incorrect practices and increase adherence to treatment. Methodology Quantitative field research performed through data collection in medical records and direct interview with 100 elderly individuals between 60 and 70 years. Results Elderly patients presented greater difficulties when taking their medication, identifying a low treatment adherence when compared to previous studies. Intervention measures with a multiprofessional approach were proposed to increase patients' adherence to treatment, in a simple and efficient manner, such as review of pharmaceutical forms, packaging and labels and elaboration of spreadsheets according to the limitations of the elderly. Conclusion Pharmaceutical care is an important and essential activity to guarantee the safety and better adherence of the patient in the administration of medicines, to avoid possible damages and errors due to lack of orientation.

ABSTRACT The excessive sun exposure, coupled with lack of sun protection represents one of the biggest risks to the occurrence of skin cancer and photoaging. Recent strategies for photoprotection have included the incorporation of natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, into sunscreens, and the oral administration of natural antioxidant extracts. In this work, we use Brazilian red propolis extract because its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this work was to evaluate the sun protection factor and antioxidant activity of different hydroalcoholic extracts of red propolis (70% and 75%) prepared from lyophilized red propolis at room and high temperatures. The sun protection factor in vitro was determined by a spectrophotometric method developed by Mansur. The hydroalcoholic extracts of red propolis incorporated with Filter UVA-UVB 5% Gel Permulem TR-1 presented absorption in the UVB region. Also, the in vitro capacity of the hydroalcoholic extracts of red propolis to increase photoprotective activity of Filter UVA-UVB 5% Gel was evaluated. The hydroalcoholic extracts of red propolis incorporated presented higher values of sun protection factor and showed synergism in the photoprotective activity of Filter UVA-UVB 5% Gel Permulem TR-1. The antioxidant activity and sun protection factor are correlated with total phenolics content of the extracts and the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis 75% at room temperature was choosen. The formulation developed with Filter UVA-UVB 5% Gel Permulem TR-1 with this hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis showed safe to be applied on the skin according HET-CAM test. Suggests indication of hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (75% – room temperature) associated to photoprotective formulations for use in photoprotective products.